Introductory Psychology CLEP Prep Practice Exam

What theory is considered the basis of behaviorism?

1. Social Cognitive Theory

2. Psychoanalysis

3. Cognitive Neuroscience

4. Classical Conditioning

The correct answer is: Classical Conditioning

Behaviorism is a psychological perspective that focuses on how environmental factors shape and control behavior. It is based on the theory of classical conditioning proposed by Ivan Pavlov, which explains how associations between stimuli and responses can be formed. Social cognitive theory (A) focuses on how individuals learn and develop through observation and imitation of others. Psychoanalysis (B) is a theory developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior. Cognitive neuroscience (C) is a field of study that combines psychology and neuroscience to understand how the brain and cognition interact. While all of these theories may contribute to understanding behavior, classical conditioning is considered the basis of behaviorism because it proposes a simple and direct cause-and-effect relationship between the environment and behavior.