Introductory Psychology CLEP Prep Practice Exam

Sigmund Freud and John Watson are pioneers in the field of psychology because they made significant contributions to the development of the field. Freud is known for his theories on the unconscious mind and psychoanalysis, while Watson is known for his work in behaviorism. Option A is incorrect because although William James is considered the father of American psychology, Alfred Binet is known for his work in intelligence testing, not for his contributions to psychology as a whole. Option C is incorrect because Ivan Pavlov is known for his work in classical conditioning, but Noam Chomsky is a linguist and not primarily known for his contributions to psychology. Option D is incorrect because although Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association, Alfred Adler is known for his work in individual psychology, not his contributions to the field as a whole.